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Energy and Environment

This discussion with energy issues is combined with those of environment because the use and conservation of energy is the single most important consideration in the preservation of the environment. The United States has the dubious distinction of being both the world's largest consumer of energy and emitter of greenhouse gases. If the United States were to undertake a long-range national effort aimed at eliminating all usage of fossil fuels for surface transportation, electricity generation, and building heating and cooling, its greenhouse gas emissions would decline by well over half from those occurring now.

In addition, replacing the need for imported oil and natural gas would have an immediate stimulative effect upon the domestic economy as the money formerly sent abroad for energy imports would be kept within our borders and used to create industries and employment with the United States.  The consequent reduction of foreign indebtedness and the ongoing balance of trade and balance of payments deficits would stabilize our economy as well as end the possibility of interruptions of foreign energy supplies with its risks for our economy and society.

Short (next 5 years), medium (5 to 20 years from now), and long (20 to 35 years from now ) energy substitution and source replacement programs need to be implemented immediately at the national level.  Multi-fuel and hybrid cars, trucks, and buses are already operating in increasing numbers.  A national program to replace all newly manufactured and imported suface tranportation vehicles (including diesel powered trucks and river boats) sold in the United States with E-85 (85% ethanol, 15% gasoline) powered engines is possible and ought to be required and achieved during the next five years.  The present 53 cents per gallon tariff on imported ethanol from Brazil should be immediately rescinded because it unduly restricts the supply of fuel needed for conversion to E-85 vehicle usage.  Profits from domestically produced ethanol production are now well over $1.00 per gallon and the tariff on ethanol imports is no longer needed to encourage domestic production.  If E-85 powered hybrid vehicles with overnight home plug-in home electric battery recharging capability were introduced, many of these vehicles used in shorter daily trips would not need to use any onboard fuel at all except when driven on longer trips, and overall E-85 vehicle mileage could exceed 100 miles per gallon.  In contrast, the efficient diesel- powered cars now in widespread use in Europe average about 40 miles per gallon of fuel.  The technology already exists to build these vehicles: all it takes is the political will to implement a national program to require their manufacture and use.

A one-cent per ton mile tax on all freight tranported within the borders of the country should be immediately imposed and the revenues raised therefrom used exclusively to pay for the infrastructure ( new fuel pumps, etc) costs of E-85 substitution for gasoline and diesel fuel consumption.  Similarly,  a one-cent per kilowatt hour tax on all electricity used within the country should be imposed and exclusively used to pay for the construction of massive wind turbine electricity generation  facilities in remote high plains regions and other suitable locations throughout the country as rapidly as the funds raised from these taxes will permit.  Funds from both taxes should also be used to finance the electrification of all major railroads east of the Mississsippi River and the three major transcontinental railroads during the medium term phase with all remaining railroads throughout the country becoming electrified during the long term phase.  The high plains region of the country is particularly well suited for wind powered turbine electricity generation because it is sparsely populated, economically depressed, vulnerable to crop failures and extreme weather, and in desperate need of an industry that is evironmentally benign that will result in a steady and continuing source of regional income and employment.

The production of ethanol requires significant energy inputs to grow, harvest, transport, and process the corn and other grains required by the industry.  One estimate claims that twenty percent more energy inputs overall are needed to produce a single gallon of ethanol than is contained and released when that gallon is burned as  fuel.  Prolonged grain cultivation for ethanol production also is likely to be a major cause of the long term exhaustion of farmland with continuing loss of topsoil from the unrelenting tillage of farm land.  During the long term energy transition phase, surplus electricity generated by the national wind turbine electricity generation program should be used to produce hydrogen for powering all non-electrified vehicles employed in surface transportation (and aviation, as well, if feasible).  As fuel supplies become available, production and use of hydrogen powered vehicles should gradually replace the manufacture and use of ethanol powered vehicles. 
When the transition to the entirely renewable wind-powered energy economy is completed, shortly after the year 2050 the United States will have totally ended its dependence upon foreign energy sources, eliminated the majority of its greenhouse gas emissions, and preserved its remaining hydrocarbon reserves and agricultural lands for the benefit of future generations of Americans.


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